Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-inverter:
Umnyombo wedivayisi ye-inverter yi-inverter switch circuit, ebizwa ngokuthi i-inverter circuit ngamafuphi.Isekhethi iqedela umsebenzi we-inverter ngokuvula nokuvala iswishi yamandla kagesi.
Izici:
(1) Kudingeka ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
Ngenxa yentengo ephakeme yamaseli elanga okwamanje, ukuze kwandiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamaseli elanga futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu, kufanele sizame ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter.
(2) Kudingeka ukwethembeka okuphezulu.
Njengamanje, uhlelo lwesiteshi samandla e-photovoltaic lusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude, futhi iziteshi eziningi zikagesi azinakwa futhi zigcinwe, okudinga ukuthi i-inverter ibe nesakhiwo sesifunda esinengqondo, ukukhethwa kwengxenye eqinile, futhi kudinga ukuthi i-inverter ibe nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuvikela, ezifana njengalokhu: okokufaka kwe-DC polarity reverse ukuvikela, ukuphuma kwe-AC ukuvikelwa kwesekethe emfushane, ukushisa ngokweqile, ukuvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile, njll.
(3) I-voltage yokufaka iyadingeka ukuze kube nobubanzi obubanzi bokujwayela.
Ngoba i-voltage yokugcina yeseli yelanga iyahlukahluka ngomthwalo kanye nokuqina kokukhanya kwelanga.Ikakhulukazi lapho ibhethri iguga, i-terminal voltage yayo ihluka kakhulu.Isibonelo, kubhethri engu-12V, i-terminal voltage yayo ingase ihluke phakathi kuka-10V no-16V, okudinga ukuthi isiguquli sisebenze ngokujwayelekile phakathi kwebanga elikhulu le-DC.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Photovoltaic inverter:
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlukanisa ama-inverters.Isibonelo, ngokuya ngenani lezigaba zokukhishwa kwe-voltage ye-AC nge-inverter, ingahlukaniswa ngama-inverters wesigaba esisodwa kanye nama-inverters ezigaba ezintathu;Ihlukaniswe ngama-inverters e-transistor, ama-inverters e-thyristor kanye nama-inverters avala i-thyristor.Ngokomgomo wesekethe ye-inverter, ingabuye ihlukaniswe ibe yi-self-excillation oscillation inverter, i-stepped wave superposition inverter kanye ne-pulse wide modulation inverter.Ngokohlelo lokusebenza kusistimu exhunywe kugridi noma kusistimu ye-off-grid, ingahlukaniswa ibe i-inverter exhunywe kugridi kanye ne-off-grid inverter.Ukuze kube lula abasebenzisi be-optoelectronic ukuthi bakhethe ama-inverters, lapha kuphela ama-inverter ahlukaniswa ngokwezikhathi ezisebenzayo ezihlukile.
1. I-inverter ephakathi
Ubuchwepheshe be-inverter obumaphakathi bokuthi izintambo eziningana ezihambisanayo ze-photovoltaic zixhunywe kokokufaka kwe-DC kwe-inverter efanayo emaphakathi.Ngokuvamile, amamojula wamandla we-IGBT wezigaba ezintathu asetshenziselwa amandla aphezulu, futhi ama-transistors omphumela wensimu asetshenziselwa amandla aphansi.I-DSP iguqula isilawuli ukuthi sithuthukise ikhwalithi yamandla akhiqiziwe, isenze sibe seduze kakhulu ne-sine wave current, ngokuvamile esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zezitshalo zamandla amakhulu e-photovoltaic (>10kW).Isici esikhulu kunazo zonke ukuthi amandla esistimu aphakeme futhi izindleko ziphansi, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi i-voltage ephumayo kanye namanje yezintambo ezahlukene ze-PV ngokuvamile azifani ngokuphelele (ikakhulukazi lapho izintambo ze-PV zivinjelwe ingxenye ngenxa yokuguquguquka, umthunzi, amabala. , njll.), i-inverter ephakathi nendawo iyamukelwa.Ukushintsha kwendlela kuzoholela ekwehlisweni kokusebenza kahle kwenqubo ye-inverter kanye nokuncipha kwamandla abasebenzisi bakagesi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthembeka kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwesistimu yonke ye-photovoltaic kuthinteka isimo esibi sokusebenza seqembu le-photovoltaic unit.Isiqondiso sakamuva socwaningo ukusetshenziswa kokulawulwa kokushintshashintsha kwe-vector yasemkhathini kanye nokuthuthukiswa koxhumano olusha lwe-topological of inverters ukuze kutholwe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo oyingxenye.
2. Inverter yezintambo
I-inverter yeyunithi yezinhlamvu isekelwe kumqondo we-modular.Iyunithi yezinhlamvu ye-PV ngayinye (1-5kw) idlula ku-inverter, inamandla amakhulu wokulandela umkhondo wamandla ohlangothini lwe-DC, futhi ixhunywe ngokuhambisana ohlangothini lwe-AC.I-inverter edume kakhulu emakethe.
Izitshalo eziningi ezinkulu zamandla e-photovoltaic zisebenzisa ama-inverters ezintambo.Inzuzo yukuthi ayithinteki umehluko wamamojula kanye ne-shading phakathi kwezintambo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunciphisa ukungafani phakathi kwendawo yokusebenza efanele yamamojula we-photovoltaic kanye ne-inverter, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise ukukhiqizwa kwamandla.Lezi zinzuzo zobuchwepheshe azigcini nje ukunciphisa izindleko zesistimu, kodwa futhi zandisa ukwethembeka kwesistimu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umqondo othi "master-slave" wethulwa phakathi kwezintambo, ukuze uhlelo lukwazi ukuxhuma amaqembu amaningana ezintambo ze-photovoltaic ndawonye futhi zivumele eyodwa noma eziningana zazo zisebenze ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi intambo eyodwa yamandla ayikwazi ukwenza. umsebenzi we-inverter eyodwa., ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqize ugesi owengeziwe.
Umqondo wakamuva wukuthi ama-inverters amaningana akha "ithimba" nomunye nomunye esikhundleni somqondo "we-master-slave", okwenza ukwethembeka kwesistimu kube isinyathelo esiqhubekayo.Njengamanje, ama-inverters entambo angenawo amandla abusa.
3. I-Micro inverter
Kusistimu ye-PV yendabuko, ukuphela kokufaka kwe-DC ye-inverter yeyunithi ngayinye ixhunywe ochungechungeni ngamaphaneli e-photovoltaic angaba ngu-10.Uma amaphaneli angu-10 exhunywe ochungechungeni, uma eyodwa ingasebenzi kahle, lolu chungechunge luzothinteka.Uma i-MPPT efanayo isetshenziselwa okokufaka okuningi kwe-inverter, konke okokufaka nakho kuzothinteka, kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla.Ezisetshenziswa ezingokoqobo, izici ezihlukahlukene zokuvala ezifana namafu, izihlahla, oshimula, izilwane, uthuli, iqhwa neqhwa kuzobangela izici ezingenhla, futhi isimo sivame kakhulu.Kuhlelo lwe-PV lwe-micro-inverter, iphaneli ngayinye ixhunywe ku-micro-inverter.Uma elinye lamaphaneli lihluleka ukusebenza kahle, leli phaneli kuphela elizothinteka.Wonke amanye amaphaneli e-PV azosebenza kahle, enze isistimu iyonke isebenze kahle futhi ikhiqize amandla engeziwe.Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo, uma i-inverter yezintambo ihluleka, izokwenza ama-kilowatts amaningana amaphaneli elanga ahluleke ukusebenza, kuyilapho umthelela wokuhluleka kwe-micro-inverter mncane kakhulu.
4. Isikhuthazi samandla
Ukufakwa kwe-optimizer yamandla ohlelweni lokukhiqiza amandla elanga kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa, futhi kube lula imisebenzi ye-inverter ukunciphisa izindleko.Ukuze uthole uhlelo oluhlakaniphile lokuphehla amandla elanga, isikhuthazi samandla edivayisi singenza iseli ngayinye yelanga yenze ukusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu futhi igade isimo sokusetshenziswa kwebhethri nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.I-power optimizer iyisisetshenziswa esiphakathi kwesistimu yokuphehla amandla kanye ne-inverter, futhi umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukufaka esikhundleni somsebenzi wokulandelela wangempela wephoyinti lamandla we-inverter.Isikhuthazi samandla senza ukuskena kokulandela umkhondo wephoyinti lamandla okushesha kakhulu ngokufanisa ngokwenza lula isekethe futhi iseli elilodwa lelanga lifanelana nesikhuthazi samandla, ukuze iseli ngalinye lelanga likwazi ukuzuza ukulandelwa kwephuzu lamandla elifanele, Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sebhethri singaba iqashwe noma nini nanoma kuphi ngokufaka i-chip yokuxhumana, futhi inkinga ingabikwa ngokushesha ukuze izisebenzi ezifanele zikwazi ukuyilungisa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Umsebenzi we-photovoltaic inverter
I-inverter ayinayo kuphela umsebenzi wokuguqulwa kwe-DC-AC, kodwa futhi inomsebenzi wokwandisa ukusebenza kweseli yelanga kanye nomsebenzi wokuvikela iphutha lesistimu.Ukufingqa, kukhona ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo nokuvala shaqa, umsebenzi wokulawula ukulandela ngomkhondo amandla aphezulu, umsebenzi wokusebenza ongazimele (owohlelo oluxhunywe kugridi), umsebenzi wokulungisa ugesi ozenzakalelayo (owohlelo oluxhunywe kugridi), umsebenzi wokuthola i-DC (wegridi- uhlelo oluxhunyiwe), Umsebenzi wokutholwa kwe-DC (kumasistimu axhunywe kugridi).Nasi isingeniso esifushane sokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kanye nemisebenzi yokuvala shaqa kanye nomsebenzi wokulawula ukulandelela amandla aphezulu.
(1) Ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo nomsebenzi wokumisa
Ngemva kokuphuma kwelanga ekuseni, amandla emisebe yelanga akhula kancane kancane, futhi ukukhishwa kweseli yelanga nakho kuyanda.Lapho amandla okukhiphayo adingwa i-inverter efinyelelwa, i-inverter iqala ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.Ngemuva kokungena ekusebenzeni, i-inverter izoqapha ukuphuma kwemodyuli yeseli yelanga ngaso sonke isikhathi.Uma nje amandla okukhipha imojula yeseli yelanga makhulu kunamandla okukhipha adingekayo ukuze inverter isebenze, i-inverter izoqhubeka nokusebenza;liyoma ekushoneni kwelanga, ngisho noma liguqubele futhi lina.I-inverter ingasebenza futhi.Lapho ukukhishwa kwemodyuli yeseli yelanga kuba kuncane futhi ukukhishwa kwe-inverter kusondele ku-0, i-inverter izokwakha isimo sokulinda.
(2) Umsebenzi wokulawula ukulandelela amandla amakhulu
Ukukhishwa kwe-module ye-solar cell kuyahlukahluka ngobukhulu bemisebe yelanga kanye nokushisa kwe-module ye-solar cell ngokwayo (ukushisa kwe-chip).Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-module ye-solar cell inesici sokuthi i-voltage iyancipha ngokunyuka kwamandla, kukhona indawo yokusebenza ephezulu lapho amandla aphezulu angatholakala khona.Ukuqina kwemisebe yelanga buyashintsha, futhi ngokusobala indawo yokusebenza efanelekile nayo iyashintsha.Ngokuphathelene nalezi zinguquko, indawo yokusebenza yemodyuli yeseli yelanga ihlale isendaweni yamandla aphezulu, futhi uhlelo luhlala luthola ukukhishwa kwamandla aphezulu kusuka kumojula yeseli yelanga.Lesi silawuli siwumkhawulo wokulawula ukulandelela amandla.Isici esikhulu kunazo zonke sama-inverters wezinhlelo zamandla elanga ukuthi afaka umsebenzi we-maximum power point tracking (MPPT).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-26-2022
