Amasistimu we-Photovoltaic ngokuvamile ahlukaniswe abe amasistimu azimele, amasistimu axhunywe kugridi kanye nezinhlelo ezixubile.Ngokwefomu lesicelo, isikali sesicelo kanye nohlobo lomthwalo wesistimu ye-solar photovoltaic, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziyisithupha.
isingeniso sesistimu
Ngokusho kwefomu lesicelo, isikali sohlelo lokusebenza kanye nohlobo lomthwalo wesistimu ye-solar photovoltaic, uhlelo lokunikezwa kwamandla we-photovoltaic kufanele luhlukaniswe ngemininingwane eyengeziwe.Amasistimu we-Photovoltaic angabuye ahlukaniswe abe yizinhlobo eziyisithupha ezilandelayo: uhlelo oluncane lokunikezwa kwamandla elanga (i-DC encane);uhlelo olulula lwe-DC (I-DC elula);uhlelo olukhulu lokuphakelwa kwamandla elanga (Large DC);Isistimu kagesi ye-AC ne-DC (AC/DC);Isistimu exhunywe kwigridi (Utility Grid Connect);i-hybrid power supply system (Hybrid);isistimu ye-hybrid exhunywe kugridi.Isimiso sokusebenza nezici zesistimu ngayinye zichazwe ngezansi.
uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngogesi
Izici zohlelo oluncane lokunikezwa kwamandla elanga ukuthi kunomthwalo we-DC kuphela ohlelweni futhi amandla okulayisha amancane, lonke uhlelo lunesakhiwo esilula futhi kulula ukusebenza.Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko amasistimu asekhaya ajwayelekile, imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-DC yabantu kanye nemishini yokuzijabulisa ehlobene.Isibonelo, esifundeni esisentshonalanga yezwe lami, lolu hlobo lwesistimu ye-photovoltaic lusetshenziswe kabanzi, futhi umthwalo uyisibani se-DC, esisetshenziselwa ukuxazulula inkinga yokukhanyisa kwasendlini ezindaweni ezingenawo ugesi.
Isistimu ye-DC
Isici salolu hlelo ukuthi umthwalo ohlelweni ungumthwalo we-DC futhi asikho isidingo esikhethekile sesikhathi sokusetshenziswa komthwalo.Umthwalo usetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi nosuku, ngakho-ke alikho ibhethri elisetshenziswa ohlelweni, futhi asikho isilawuli esidingekayo.Uhlelo lunesakhiwo esilula futhi singasetshenziswa ngokuqondile.Imojula ye-photovoltaic inikeza amandla kumthwalo, iqeda inqubo yokugcina nokukhululwa kwamandla ebhethri, kanye nokulahlekelwa kwamandla kusilawuli, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla.Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zephampu yamanzi ye-PV, amandla athile emishini yesikhashana emini kanye nezinye izikhungo zezivakashi.Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa isistimu yephampu ye-DC PV elula.Lolu hlelo lusetshenziswe kakhulu emazweni asathuthuka lapho kungekho khona amanzi ahlanzekile kampompi okuphuza, futhi luye lwakhiqiza izinzuzo ezinhle zomphakathi.
Isistimu yamandla elanga amakhulu
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezimbili ezingenhla ze-photovoltaic, uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic olunamandla amakhulu elanga lusafaneleka ohlelweni lwamandla e-DC, kodwa lolu hlobo lwesistimu ye-solar photovoltaic ngokuvamile lunamandla amakhulu omthwalo.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile emthwalweni, okuhambisanayo kwayo Isilinganiso sesistimu sikhulu, futhi sidinga ukuhlonywa ngamamojula amakhulu we-photovoltaic kanye nephakethe lebhethri elikhulu.Amafomu ayo okufaka isicelo avamile ahlanganisa ukuxhumana, i-telemetry, ugesi wemishini yokuqapha, ukunikezwa kukagesi okumaphakathi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, izibani zezibani, izibani zasemgwaqweni, njll. Leli fomu lisetshenziswa kwezinye iziteshi zasemaphandleni zasemakhaya ezakhiwe ezindaweni ezingenawo ugesi entshonalanga yedolobha lami. izwe, kanye neziteshi eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana ezakhiwe yi-China Mobile kanye ne-China Unicom ezindaweni ezikude ezingenawo amagridi kagesi nazo zisebenzisa lolu hlelo lwe-photovoltaic lokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi.Njengomsebenzi wesiteshi sezokuxhumana e-Wanjiazhai, eShanxi.
Isistimu kagesi ye-AC ne-DC
Ngokungafani nezinhlelo ezintathu ezingenhla ze-solar photovoltaic system, lolu hlelo lwe-photovoltaic lunganikeza amandla kokubili imithwalo ye-DC ne-AC ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi inama-inverter amaningi kunalezi zinhlelo ezintathu ezingenhla ngokwesakhiwo sesistimu, esetshenziselwa ukuguqula amandla e-DC abe yi-AC. amandla okuhlangabezana nezidingo zezidingo zomthwalo we-AC.Ngokuvamile, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla omthwalo wesistimu enjalo nakho kukhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, ngakho-ke isikali sohlelo nalo sikhulu ngokuqhathaniswa.Isetshenziswa kwezinye iziteshi eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana nazo zombili imithwalo ye-AC ne-DC kanye nezinye izitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic ezinemithwalo ye-AC ne-DC.
Isistimu exhunywe kwigridi
Isici esikhulu kunazo zonke salesi simiso se-solar photovoltaic ukuthi i-current eqondile ekhiqizwa i-photovoltaic array iguqulwa ibe yamanje eshintshanayo ehlangabezana nezidingo zegridi ye-mains ngokusebenzisa i-inverter exhunywe kugridi bese ixhunywe ngokuqondile kunethiwekhi yamapayipi.Ngaphandle komthwalo, amandla engeziwe abuyiselwa kugridi.Ezinsukwini zemvula noma ebusuku, lapho i-photovoltaic array ingakhiqizi ugesi noma ugesi owenziwe awukwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo somthwalo, unikwa amandla yigridi.Ngenxa yokuthi amandla kagesi afakwa ngokuqondile kugridi yamandla, ukucushwa kwebhethri kushiywe, futhi inqubo yokugcina nokukhulula ibhethri igcinwa.Kodwa-ke, i-inverter exhunywe kugridi ezinikele iyadingeka ohlelweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amandla okukhiphayo ahlangabezana nezidingo zamandla egridi ye-voltage, imvamisa nezinye izinkomba.Ngenxa yenkinga ye-inverter esebenza kahle, kusazoba khona ukulahleka kwamandla.Amasistimu anjalo ngokuvamile ayakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla okusetshenziswa kanye noxhaxha lwamamojula we-solar PV ngokuhambisana njengemithombo yamandla yemithwalo yasendaweni ye-AC.Izinga lokushoda kwamandla omthwalo walo lonke uhlelo liyehliswa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwe-PV oluxhunywe kugridi lungadlala indima ekulawuleni okuphezulu kwegridi yamandla omphakathi.Ngokwezici zesistimu exhunywe kugridi, i-Soying Electric ithuthukise ngempumelelo i-inverter exhunywe kugridi yelanga eminyakeni eminingana edlule, eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukugaywa kabusha kwamandla kagesi ngezinzuzo nokulahlekelwa okuhlukahlukene.Sekwenziwe inqubekelaphambili enkulu, futhi uchungechunge lwezinkinga zobuchwepheshe selunqotshiwe ohlelweni oluxhunywe kugridi.
Isistimu yokunikezela okuxubile
Ngaphandle kwe-solar photovoltaic module array esetshenziswe kulolu hlelo lwe-solar photovoltaic, i-generator yamafutha iphinde isetshenziswe njengomthombo wamandla oyisipele.Inhloso yokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuphakelwa kukagesi oluxubile ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokuphehla ugesi nokugwema ukushiyeka kwazo.Isibonelo, izinzuzo zezinhlelo ezizimele ze-photovoltaic ezibalulwe ngenhla azinakekelwa kancane, futhi okubi ukuthi ukuphuma kwamandla kuncike esimweni sezulu futhi akuzinzile.
Isistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla eyingxube esebenzisa inhlanganisela yamajeneretha edizili nama-photovoltaic arrays anganikeza amandla azimele uma kuqhathaniswa nesistimu yokuma yodwa yamandla.
Uhlelo oluxubile oluxhunywe kwigridi
Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni ye-solar optoelectronics, kuvele uhlelo lokuphakela amandla oluxubile oluxhumeke kugridi olungasebenzisa ngokugcwele amamojula we-solar photovoltaic module, amandla okusetshenziswa kanye namajeneretha kawoyela ayisipele.Lolu hlobo lwesistimu luvamise ukuhlanganisa isilawuli kanye ne-inverter, lisebenzisa i-chip yekhompiyutha ukulawula ngokugcwele ukusebenza kwalo lonke uhlelo, lusebenzisa ngokuphelele imithombo yamandla ehlukahlukene ukuze kuzuzwe isimo esihle sokusebenza, futhi lungasebenzisa namabhethri ukuthuthukisa amandla omthwalo wesistimu. isilinganiso sesiqinisekiso sokuhlinzeka , njengesistimu yokuguqula i-SMD ye-AES.Uhlelo lunganikeza amandla afanelekile omthwalo wasendaweni futhi lungasebenza njenge-UPS eku-inthanethi (Ukunikezwa Amandla Okungaphazamiseki).Amandla angaphinde anikezwe noma atholwe kugridi.Imodi yokusebenza yesistimu ivame ukusebenza ngokuhambisana namandla okuhweba namandla elanga.Ngomthwalo wendawo, uma amandla akhiqizwa amamojula we-photovoltaic anele ukuze umthwalo usetshenziswe, uzosebenzisa ngokuqondile amandla akhiqizwa amamojula we-photovoltaic ukunikeza izidingo zomthwalo.Uma amandla akhiqizwa amamojula we-photovoltaic edlula isidingo somthwalo osheshayo, amandla angaphezu kwamandla angabuye abuyiselwe kugridi;uma amandla akhiqizwe amamojula e-photovoltaic enganele, amandla okusebenza azonikwa amandla ngokuzenzakalela, futhi amandla okusetshenziswa azosetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngesidingo somthwalo wendawo.Lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla komthwalo kungaphansi kuka-60% womthamo we-mains olinganiselwe we-inverter ye-SMD, amapayipi amakhulu azoshaja ibhethri ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri isesimweni sokuntanta isikhathi eside;uma ama-main ehluleka, okungukuthi, ukwehluleka kwamandla amakhulu noma ama-mains Uma ikhwalithi ingekho ezingeni elijwayelekile, uhlelo luzonqamula ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla amakhulu futhi lushintshele kumodi yokusebenza ezimele, futhi amandla e-AC adingwa umthwalo azonikezwa. ngebhethri kanye ne-inverter.Uma amapayipi amakhulu ebuyela kokujwayelekile, okungukuthi, amandla kagesi kanye nemvamisa abuyela esimweni esivamile esishiwo ngenhla, isistimu izonqamula ibhethri, ishintshele kumodi exhunywe kugridi, futhi inikeze amandla asuka kumapayipi amakhulu.Kwamanye amasistimu okuphakelwa kwamandla ayingxubevange axhumeke kugridi, ukuqapha uhlelo, imisebenzi yokulawula kanye nokutholwa kwedatha ingahlanganiswa ne-chip yokulawula.Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu enjalo isilawuli kanye ne-inverter.
I-Off-Grid Photovoltaic System
Isistimu yokukhiqiza amandla e-off-grid photovoltaic iwuhlobo olusha lomthombo wamandla okhiqiza ugesi ngamamojula e-photovoltaic, elawula ukushajwa nokukhipha ibhethri ngesilawuli, futhi inikeza amandla kagesi kumthwalo we-DC noma umthwalo we-AC ngesiguquli. .Isetshenziswa kabanzi emathafeni, eziqhingini, ezindaweni ezikude nezintaba kanye nemisebenzi yasensimini enezindawo ezinokhahlo.Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengomthombo wamandla eziteshini eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana, amabhokisi okukhanya okukhangisa, izibani zomgwaqo, njll. Uhlelo lokukhiqiza amandla e-Photovoltaic lusebenzisa amandla emvelo angapheli, angadambisa ngempumelelo ukungqubuzana kwesidingo ezindaweni ezinokuntuleka kwamandla nokuxazulula izinkinga ukuphila nokuxhumana ezindaweni ezikude.Thuthukisa imvelo yomhlaba wonke futhi ukhuthaze intuthuko yabantu esimeme.
Imisebenzi yesistimu
Amaphaneli e-Photovoltaic ayizici ezikhiqiza amandla.Isilawuli se-photovoltaic silungisa futhi silawula amandla kagesi akhiqizwayo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla alungisiwe athunyelwa kumthwalo we-DC noma umthwalo we-AC, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla angaphezu kwamandla athunyelwa ephaketheni lebhethri ukuze agcinwe.Uma ugesi okhiqiziwe ungeke ukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomthwalo Uma isilawuli sithumela amandla ebhethri ekulayisheni.Ngemva kokuba ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele, isilawuli kufanele silawule ibhethri ukuthi lingashajwa kakhulu.Uma amandla kagesi agcinwe ebhethrini ephela, isilawuli kufanele silawule ibhethri ukuthi lingaphumi kakhulu ukuvikela ibhethri.Uma ukusebenza kwesilawuli kungalungile, kuzothinta kakhulu impilo yesevisi yebhethri futhi ekugcineni kuthinte ukuthembeka kwesistimu.Umsebenzi webhethri ukugcina amandla ukuze umthwalo ukwazi ukusebenza ebusuku noma ezinsukwini zemvula.I-inverter inesibopho sokuguqula amandla e-DC abe amandla e-AC ukuze asetshenziswe imithwalo ye-AC.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-01-2022
