Ukugcinwa kwamandla kuyingxenye ebalulekile kanye nobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo obusekelayo begridi ehlakaniphile, uhlelo lwamandla avuselelekayo olunesilinganiso esiphezulu, i-inthanethi yamandla.Uhlelo lokusebenza lokugcina amandla ebhethri luyavumelana nezimo.ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, ukuqoqwa okufakiwe kwaphinde kwafakwa esikalini sokusebenza sephrojekthi yebhethri yokugcina amandla emhlabeni wonke phakathi kuka-2000 no-2017 ingu-2.6 giva, futhi lapho umthamo ungu-4.1 giva, izinga lokukhula lonyaka lingama-30% kanye nama-52% ngokulandelana.Yiziphi izici ezizuzayo ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwesitoreji samandla ebhethri futhi yiziphi izinselele okubhekwana nazo?Impendulo inikezwa embikweni wakamuva we-deloitte, izinselelo namathuba emakethe yokugcina amabhethri emhlabeni jikelele.Sithwebula amaphuzu abalulekile embikweni kubafundi.
Isici sokushayela imakethe sokugcina amandla ebhethri
1. ukuthuthukiswa kwezindleko nokusebenza
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokugcina amandla sezikhona amashumi eminyaka, kungani isitoreji samandla ebhethri sikhona njengamanje?Impendulo esobala kakhulu ukwehla kwezindleko nokusebenza kwayo, okugqame kakhulu kumabhethri e-lithium-ion.Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhuphuka kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion nakho kuzuze emakethe ekhulayo yezimoto zikagesi.
2. igridi yesimanje
Amazwe amaningi asebenzisa izinhlelo zokwenza igridi ibe yesimanje ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nezimo zesimo sezulu esibi, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu okuhlobene nengqalasizinda eguga kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lonke.Lezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile zibandakanya ukuthunyelwa kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile ngaphakathi kwamagridi kagesi amisiwe ukuze kuzuzwe ukuxhumana okubili kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ezithuthukile zedijithali, okuhlanganisa amandla asabalalisiwe.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesitoreji samandla ebhethri akuhlukaniseki emizamweni eyenziwe ukuze kuqaliswe ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwegridi yamandla.Igridi yedijithali isekela ukubamba iqhaza kwabathengi bokukhiqiza ekucushweni kwesistimu ehlakaniphile, ukulungiswa okubikezelwayo kanye nokuzilungisa, okuvula indlela yokuqaliswa kokwakhiwa kwesilinganiso esinyathelwe.Konke lokhu kuvula indawo yokugcina amandla ebhethri, okulenza lidale inani ngokwandisa umthamo, ukusebenza kokushefa okuphezulu, noma ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamandla.Nakuba ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile bukhona isikhathi eside, ukuvela kwesitoreji samandla ebhethri kusiza ukuzuza amandla aphelele.
3. Umkhankaso Wamandla Avuselelekayo Womhlaba Wonke
Izinqubomgomo zokwesekwa ezibanzi zamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokuncishiswa kokungcola nazo ziqhuba ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke kwezixazululo zokugcina amandla ebhethri.Indima ebalulekile edlalwa amabhethri ekususeni isimo sesikhashana samandla avuselelekayo kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni iyabonakala.Izinga nokusabalala kwazo zonke izinhlobo zabasebenzisi bakagesi abajaha amandla ahlanzekile lisakhula.Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi emabhizinisini nasembonini kahulumeni.lokhu kumemezela ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme kwamandla avuselelekayo futhi kungase kuqhubeke nokusetshenziselwa ukugcina amandla ebhethri ukusiza ekuhlanganisweni kwamandla amaningi asabalalisiwe.
4. ukubamba iqhaza ezimakethe zikagesi wezitolo ezinkulu
Isitoreji samandla ebhethri singasiza ukulinganisela igridi exhunywe kunoma yikuphi ukunikezwa kwamandla futhi sithuthukise ikhwalithi yamandla.Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi kunamathuba akhulayo okugcinwa kwamandla ebhethri ukubamba iqhaza kumakethe yamandla amakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.Cishe wonke amazwe esiwacubulile aguqula izakhiwo zemakethe yezitolo ezinkulu emzamweni wokudala indawo yokugcina amandla ebhethri ukuze anikeze umthamo kanye nezinsizakalo ezihambisanayo ezifana nokulawula imvamisa nokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi.nakuba lezi zicelo zisesesigabeni sokuqala, zonke zithole amazinga ahlukene empumelelo.
Iziphathimandla zikazwelonke ziya ngokuya zithatha isinyathelo sokuklomelisa umnikelo wokugcinwa kwamandla ebhethri ekulinganiseni ukusebenza kwegridi.Isibonelo, iKhomishana Kazwelonke Yamandla Kazwelonke yaseChile yenze uhlaka olusha lokulawula lwezinsizakalo ezisizayo eziqaphela umnikelo ongenziwa izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethri;I-Italy iphinde yavula imakethe yayo yezinkonzo ezisizayo njengovivinyo lwamaphrojekthi avuselelekayo okugcina amandla namandla azokwethulwa njengengxenye yomzamo obanzi wokuguqula imithetho.
5. izikhuthazo zezimali
emazweni esiwafundile, izinxephezelo zezezimali ezixhaswa uhulumeni ziphinde zibonise ukuqwashisa okukhulayo phakathi kwabenzi bezinqubomgomo ngezinzuzo zezixazululo zesitoreji samandla ebhethri zalo lonke iketango lenani lamandla.Ocwaningweni lwethu, lezi zisusa azihlanganisi kuphela amaphesenti ezindleko zesistimu yebhethri ezibuyiselwe noma ezibuyiselwe ngokuqondile ngezaphulelo zentela, kodwa futhi nokusekelwa kwezezimali ngezibonelelo noma uxhaso lwezimali.Isibonelo, i-Italy inikeze ukukhululeka kwentela okungamaphesenti angu-50 kumadivayisi okulondoloza indawo yokuhlala ngo-2017;INingizimu Korea, uhlelo lokugcina amandla olutshalwe ngokwesekwa nguhulumeni engxenyeni yokuqala yowezi-2017, inyuse umthamo ngo-89 MW ,61.8% kusukela esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.
6.FIT noma i-Net Electricity Settlement Policy
Ngenxa yokuthi abathengi namabhizinisi bazama ukuthola izindlela zokuthola imbuyiselo ephezulu ekutshalweni kwe-solar photovoltaic, i-backslope yenqubomgomo ye-solar power grid tariff subsidy policy (FIT) noma inqubomgomo yokuqedwa kukagesi wensalela iba yisici esishayelayo ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokucushwa kwesistimu yokugcina amandla engemuva imitha.Lokhu kwenzeka e-Australia, eJalimane, e-United Kingdom naseHawaii.
Nakuba lokhu kungeyona inkambiso yomhlaba wonke, ngokuqedwa kwenqubomgomo ye-FIT, abaqhubi belanga bazosebenzisa amabhethri njengethuluzi lokushefa kakhulu ukuze banikeze izinsiza ezihambisanayo ezifana nokuzinza kwegridi ezinkampanini ezisetshenziswa umphakathi.
7. isifiso sokuzanelisa
Isifiso esikhulayo sabathengi bezindawo zokuhlala kanye ne-fossil-energy sokukwazi ukuzimela amandla sesiphenduke amandla amangalisayo aqhuba ukuthunyelwa kwendawo yokugcina amandla ngemuva kwemitha.lo mbono ngandlela thile ubhebhethekisa imakethe ye-backend yamamitha kagesi cishe kuwo wonke amazwe esiwahlolayo, uphakamisa ukuthi ugqozi lokuthenga amasistimu okugcina amandla akukona nje kwezezimali.
8. izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke
kubahlinzeki besitoreji samandla ebhethri, izinqubomgomo ezethulwa nguhulumeni ukukhuthaza izinjongo zamasu ezihlukahlukene zibanikeza amathuba amaningi.Amazwe amaningi akholelwa ukuthi ukugcinwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuyindlela entsha sha yokuwasiza ukuba ehlise ukuncika kwawo ekuthengeni amandla avela kwamanye amazwe, athuthukise ukwethembeka nokuqina kwezinhlelo zamandla, futhi adlulele ezinhlosweni zemvelo nezokuqeda ikhabhoni.
ukuthuthukiswa kwesitoreji samandla nakho kuyazuza emithethweni yenqubomgomo ebanzi ehlobene nokufudukela emadolobheni kanye nezinjongo zekhwalithi yempilo emazweni asathuthuka.Isibonelo, i-Smart Cities Initiative yase-India isebenzisa imodeli yokuncintisana yokuncintisana ukuze isekele ukuthunyelwa kobuchwepheshe obukhaliphile emadolobheni angu-100 ezweni lonke.Inhloso wukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kukagesi owanele kanye nokusimama kwemvelo.izimoto zikagesi, amandla avuselelekayo kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla ebhethri kubalulekile ekufezeni lezi zinhloso.
Izinselelo ezizayo
Ngenkathi abashayeli bezimakethe bekhula ngokufana futhi beqhubekisela phambili ukugcinwa kwamandla, izinselele zisekhona.
1. Umnotho ompofu
njenganoma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe, ukugcinwa kwamandla ebhethri akuhlali ukonga, futhi izindleko zakho zivame ukuba phezulu kakhulu ohlelweni oluthile.inkinga iwukuthi uma umbono wezindleko eziphezulu ungalungile, ukugcinwa kwamandla ebhethri kungase kukhishwe lapho kucatshangelwa izixazululo zokugcina amandla.
Eqinisweni, izindleko zokugcina amandla ebhethri zehla ngokushesha.Cabanga ngethenda yakamuva ye-Xcel Energy, ebonise ngokumangalisayo izinga lokwehla kwezintengo zebhethri kanye nomthelela wayo ezindlekweni zohlelo lonke, okufinyelele umvuthwandaba ngentengo emaphakathi engu-$36/mw yamaseli e-solar photovoltaic kanye ne-$21/mw yamaseli omoya.Intengo isethe irekhodi elisha e-United States.
Kulindeleke ukuthi kokubili izindleko zobuchwepheshe bebhethri ngokwayo kanye nezindleko zokulinganisa izingxenye zesistimu zizoqhubeka nokwehla ngentengo.Nakuba lobu buchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bungaphoqeleli njengalobo obukhathazayo, bubaluleke njengebhethri ngokwalo futhi buhola igagasi elilandelayo lezindleko ezincishiswe kakhulu.Isibonelo, ama-inverters "ayingqondo" yamaphrojekthi okugcina amandla, futhi umthelela wawo ekusebenzeni kwephrojekthi nembuyiselo ubalulekile.noma kunjalo, imakethe ye-inverter yokugcina amandla "iseyintsha futhi ihlakazekile".njengoba imakethe ivuthwa, intengo ye-inverter yokugcina amandla kulindeleke ukuthi yehle eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
2. ukuntuleka kokulinganisa
Abahlanganyeli ezimakethe zakuqala ngokuvamile kwakudingeka baphendule ezinhlotsheni zezidingo zobuchwepheshe futhi bajabulele izinqubomgomo ezihlukahlukene.umphakeli webhethri akahlukile.Lokhu ngokungangabazeki kwandisa inkimbinkimbi nezindleko zalo lonke uchungechunge lwenani, okwenza ukuntuleka kokumiswa kube isithiyo esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni.
3. Ukubambezeleka kwenqubomgomo yezimboni kanye nokwakhiwa kwemakethe
njengoba nje kungase kubikezelwe ukuvela kobuchwepheshe obusafufusa, kubikezelwa nokuthi izinqubomgomo zezimboni zisalele emuva kobuchwepheshe obukhona bokugcina amandla namuhla.emhlabeni jikelele, izinqubomgomo zamanje zezimboni ziyakhiwa ngaphambi kokuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha zokugcina amandla, ezingaqapheli ukuguquguquka kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla noma ukudala inkundla yokudlala.kodwa-ke, izinqubomgomo eziningi zibuyekeza imithetho yemakethe yesevisi ehambisanayo ukuze isekele ukuthunyelwa kokugcinwa kwamandla.amandla ezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethri ukuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka nokuthembeka kwegridi kuboniswa ngokugcwele, yingakho iziphathimandla zivame ukugxila kuqala emakethe yamandla amakhulu.Imithetho yezokuthengisa nayo idinga ukubuyekezwa ukuze kukhiqizwe inzalo ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla kubasebenzisi bamandla okuhlala kanye nezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi.
Kuze kube manje, izingxoxo kule ndawo zigxile ekusetshenzisweni kwamazinga okwabelana ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo noma ahlelekile kumamitha ahlakaniphile.ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isilinganiso sesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, isitoreji samandla ebhethri silahlekelwa esinye sezici ezikhangayo kakhulu: ukugcina ugesi ngentengo ephansi bese uwuthengisa ngentengo ephezulu.Nakuba amazinga okwabelana ngesikhathi engakakabi inkambiso yomhlaba wonke, lokhu kungase kushintshe ngokushesha njengoba amamitha ahlakaniphile ethulwa ngempumelelo emazweni amaningi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-29-2021
